Published Research: Multi-university study demonstrates RnA ReSet liquid minerals deliver measurably superior cellular absorption compared to placebo
RnA ReSet Completement Formulas are designed to support cellular health through superior mineral absorption. Our liquid mineral formulations utilize proprietary picometer technology—stabilized mineral ions small enough to pass directly through cellular ion channels. This innovative approach to mineral supplementation supports the body's structure and function at the most fundamental level: the cell.
But does picometer size really make a difference? To answer this question, a team of researchers from leading universities conducted a rigorous clinical trial measuring exactly how the body responds to picometer-sized minerals. The results, published in the peer-reviewed journal Nutrients in 2020, provide compelling evidence that molecular size matters when it comes to cellular absorption.
This page presents the findings from that clinical study and explains what they mean for your cellular health journey.
Size matters at the cellular level. While most mineral supplements measure in nanometers or micrometers, RnA ReSet liquid minerals are formulated at the picometer scale—thousands of times smaller than typical mineral compounds.
To verify this claim, researchers used advanced molecular testing equipment—the Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS—conducting three separate analyses to confirm particle size. The results showed the majority of ReMag® particles in the picometer range, exactly as formulated.
Note: 1 micrometer = 1,000 nanometers = 1,000,000 picometers
Testing conducted using Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS with three-test verification
Picometer minerals are absorbed high in the digestive tract, bypassing the lower intestine entirely
Unlike larger mineral compounds, picometer minerals don't draw water into the intestines
Ions pass directly through cellular membranes for immediate bioavailability
Independent university researchers conducted a rigorous clinical trial to measure how the body responds to picometer-sized magnesium supplementation
PUBLISHED RESEARCH STUDY
Published: Nutrients 2020, Volume 12, Issue 1245
Lead Researcher: Dr. Taylor C. Wallace, Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University
Institutions: Multi-university collaboration including Purdue University, Indiana University Bloomington, George Mason University, and Case Western Reserve University
Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04139928
Download Full Study
DOWNLOAD PDF11-page peer-reviewed study with complete methodology and statistical analysis
Single-blinded crossover clinical trial
Each participant received both ReMag® (300mg magnesium from MgCl₂) and placebo on separate occasions with a 7-day washout period between treatments. Participants were blinded to treatment assignment.
17 healthy adults (7 male, 10 female)
Single dose: 300mg elemental magnesium
ReMag® formulation (picometer MgCl₂) in lemon water vs. placebo (lemon water only). Administered after 8-hour fast with controlled low-magnesium breakfast (~50mg Mg).
Blood & urine over 24 hours
PRIMARY OUTCOME
The bioactive, free form of magnesium that cells actually use. Measured in fresh whole blood using ion-selective electrode technology within 10 minutes of collection.
Why it matters: This is the magnesium available for immediate cellular function
COMPARISON MEASURE
Traditional measurement of all magnesium in blood serum, including bound forms that cells cannot access. Analyzed using atomic absorption mass spectrometry.
Why measured: Standard clinical test, but includes unusable bound magnesium
EXCRETION TRACKING
Total magnesium excreted over 24-hour period. Complete urine collection with specific gravity measurement to assess concentration and hydration.
Why measured: Tracks how much is absorbed vs. excreted
State-of-the-art point-of-care instrument using ion-selective electrode technology to measure ionized magnesium in fresh whole blood.
Precision: Coefficient of variation (CV) less than 3%
Speed: Results within 10 minutes of blood draw
Quality Control: Automated calibration and validation
Previous studies measured ionized magnesium in frozen plasma, which is less accurate. This study measured fresh whole blood within 10 minutes of collection—providing the most accurate reading of bioactive magnesium.
Research Note: In-house testing showed 7.14% decrease in ionized magnesium after just 2 hours at room temperature, confirming the importance of immediate measurement.
Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in how the body responds to picometer-sized magnesium supplementation
Primary Outcome
Greater Ionized Magnesium Increase
ReMag® produced significantly higher levels of bioactive magnesium in blood compared to placebo over 24 hours (AUC: 1.51 vs. 0.84 mg/dL•24h, p = 0.029)
| Measure | ReMag® (MgCl₂) | Placebo | P-Value | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 1.26 ± 0.01 mg/dL | 1.25 ± 0.08 mg/dL | 0.242 | No difference |
| AUC (24h) | 1.51 ± 0.96 mg/dL•24h | 0.84 ± 0.82 mg/dL•24h | 0.029* | ✓ SIGNIFICANT |
| Cmax (Peak) | 1.38 ± 0.13 mg/dL | 1.32 ± 0.07 mg/dL | 0.034* | ✓ SIGNIFICANT |
| Tmax (Time to Peak) | 10.36 ± 9.30 hours | 9.54 ± 9.85 hours | 0.396 | No difference |
n = 14 participants with complete matched pairs data
* Statistically significant (p < 0.05)
What This Means: ReMag® produced a 79% greater increase in bioactive ionized magnesium over 24 hours and achieved 4.5% higher peak levels compared to placebo. These differences were statistically significant, meaning they're unlikely to be due to chance.
Result: No Significant Difference
Why no difference? Serum total magnesium includes bound, unusable forms. It's less sensitive to acute changes and can appear "normal" even when cellular magnesium is deficient.
Result: No Significant Difference
Why no difference? Urinary excretion varies based on kidney function, hydration status, and individual physiology. High cellular absorption may actually reduce urinary loss.
Rapid Cellular Response
Measurable increase in ionized magnesium detected within 2-4 hours of single dose
According to lead researcher Dr. Taylor Wallace, this rapid fluctuation from a single dose is "very important" and unexpected for mineral electrolytes. The speed of response demonstrates the superior bioavailability of picometer-sized formulation.
Ionized magnesium (iMg²⁺) measures the free, unbound form that's immediately available for cellular use. This is the magnesium that supports enzyme function, energy production, and cellular signaling.
Serum total magnesium, by contrast, includes magnesium bound to proteins and other molecules—forms that cells cannot access or use.
The study found ionized magnesium was the only biomarker that showed statistically significant response to supplementation. Serum total magnesium and urinary magnesium showed no significant differences.
This confirms what researchers have long suspected: traditional testing misses subclinical deficiency and fails to detect acute changes in magnesium status.
Research has demonstrated that ionized magnesium (but NOT serum total magnesium) is depressed in several clinical conditions:
Note: This information is for educational purposes. These statements describe research findings about biomarkers and have not been evaluated by the FDA. RnA ReSet products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
"Whole blood iMg²⁺ may be a more sensitive measure of acute oral intake of magnesium compared to serum and urinary magnesium and may be preferred for assessing supplement bioavailability."
— Study Authors, Nutrients 2020
"I would not have anticipated mineral electrolytes changing with 1 single dose. This fluctuation is very important."
— Dr. Taylor Wallace, Lead Researcher
"Magnesium oxide and magnesium citrate are less bioavailable and larger in size compared to ReMag®, thus they do not affect ionized magnesium as efficiently."
— Study Findings
Understanding how picometer-sized minerals bypass traditional digestion for direct cellular delivery
Every cell in your body is surrounded by a selectively permeable membrane. Special protein structures called ion channels act as gateways, allowing specific minerals to pass through based on their size and electrical charge.
These channels are incredibly selective. Magnesium ion channels, for example, are designed to recognize and transport free magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) that are small enough to pass through their narrow opening.
Key Point: Picometer-sized magnesium ions pass directly through these channels. Larger mineral compounds must first be broken down through digestion—a process that's often incomplete.
✓ Picometer Minerals (RnA ReSet)
800-2,500 picometers — Pass through ion channels directly
✗ Chelated Minerals
1,000-5,000 nanometers — Too large for ion channels, requires digestion
✗ Oxide/Citrate Forms
10,000+ micrometers — Must be completely broken down, poor absorption
Picometer minerals are absorbed high in the small intestine, beginning within minutes of ingestion. Unlike larger compounds that must travel to the lower intestine, picometer ions pass directly through intestinal cell membranes.
Clinical testing detected elevated ionized magnesium levels in blood within this timeframe. This rapid response demonstrates immediate bioavailability—the magnesium is already circulating and available for cellular use.
Ionized magnesium reaches peak levels during this window. The study showed 4.5% higher peak concentrations with ReMag® compared to placebo, indicating optimal cellular saturation.
Even 24 hours after a single dose, ionized magnesium levels remained elevated compared to placebo, demonstrating sustained cellular availability throughout the day.
Previous magnesium bioavailability studies measured ionized magnesium in frozen plasma samples. This study represents a significant methodological improvement:
In-house testing revealed ionized magnesium decreases by an average of 7.14% after just 2 hours at room temperature. This confirms the critical importance of immediate measurement for accurate results.
Frozen plasma samples (used in older studies) may significantly underestimate true ionized magnesium levels.
Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS — Industry-standard molecular size analyzer used to verify particle size distribution
Three separate tests conducted to confirm consistent particle size across batches
52% of particles at 800 picometers
Below the threshold for cellular ion channel passage
48% of particles at 2.5 micrometers
Still within absorbable size range
This independent verification confirms RnA ReSet's picometer formulation technology delivers minerals at the size claimed—small enough for superior cellular absorption.
The same picometer technology studied in this clinical trial is available across our complete line of liquid mineral formulations
CLINICALLY STUDIED FORMULA
The exact formulation featured in the published absorption study. Pure, 60,000ppm picometer magnesium chloride proven to increase ionized magnesium levels by 79% compared to placebo.
All formulated with the same picometer absorption technology proven in clinical research
12-mineral picometer electrolyte solution supporting cellular hydration and mineral balance
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Learn More →Healthcare practitioners choose RnA ReSet because of our commitment to clinical validation and manufacturing quality. This published research provides the evidence-based foundation your practice needs.
Elite athletes and performance professionals trust RnA ReSet for rapid recovery and cellular optimization. Our picometer technology delivers measurable results within hours—critical for competitive advantage.
This study represents several important advances:
Magnesium exists in your blood in three forms:
Only the ionized form is metabolically active. Standard blood tests measure total magnesium (all three forms combined), which can appear "normal" even when ionized magnesium is low.
Serum total magnesium is tightly regulated by your kidneys and bones—your body works hard to keep it within a narrow range. Because total magnesium includes large amounts of bound, unusable forms, it's less sensitive to acute changes in dietary intake.
Think of it this way: total magnesium is like measuring all the money in your bank account (checking + savings + CDs). Ionized magnesium is like measuring only the cash in your wallet—the money immediately available to spend. A small deposit might not change your total bank balance much, but it can significantly increase your available cash.
This is why ionized magnesium is considered a more sensitive measure of supplement bioavailability and cellular magnesium status.
The study demonstrated measurable increases in ionized magnesium within 2-4 hours of a single dose. However, "feeling" results depends on your individual magnesium status, overall health, and what specific outcomes you're hoping to support.
Some people report noticing effects within days, while for others it may take several weeks of consistent use to support optimal cellular magnesium levels. Remember, this study measured acute bioavailability—how quickly the mineral gets into your blood. Long-term cellular sufficiency requires consistent daily supplementation.
Note: These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. RnA ReSet products support the structure and function of the body at a cellular level and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Yes, absolutely. The study tested the exact ReMag® formulation available for purchase—the same concentration (60,000ppm), the same picometer-sized magnesium chloride, manufactured in the same GMP-certified facility. This was a crucial aspect of the research design: testing the actual commercial product rather than a modified research version.
The 300mg dose used in the study equals approximately 5 ml of ReMag, which is close to a typical daily serving. When you purchase ReMag, you're getting the clinically-studied formula.
A picometer is one-trillionth of a meter (10⁻¹² m). To put this in perspective:
Size matters because cellular ion channels—the gateways that minerals pass through to enter cells—have specific size requirements. Picometer-sized minerals can pass directly through these channels without requiring extensive digestion or breakdown. Larger compounds must be broken down first, a process that's often incomplete, leading to poor absorption and potential digestive side effects.
The study used a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS to independently verify particle size, confirming that ReMag® particles are indeed in the picometer range as claimed.
A pilot study is a smaller-scale research project designed to test methodology and generate preliminary data before conducting a larger clinical trial. With 17 participants, this study was appropriately sized to:
Despite being a pilot, the study achieved statistically significant results (p < 0.05) and was published in a peer-reviewed journal. The researchers are using these findings to design a larger trial comparing ReMag® to magnesium oxide.
Approximately 48% of Americans consume less than the estimated average requirement for magnesium. Standard serum magnesium tests can miss subclinical deficiency because they measure total magnesium (including bound, unusable forms) rather than ionized magnesium.
Research shows that ionized magnesium (not serum total magnesium) is depressed in individuals with migraine, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, asthma, and high-risk pregnancies—even when serum total magnesium appears "normal."
Ionized magnesium testing is available through some specialty labs and point-of-care devices, though it's not yet routine in standard clinical practice. The Nova 8 Analyzer used in this study is designed for clinical settings and could enable more accurate magnesium status assessment.
Important: We cannot provide medical advice regarding testing or diagnosis. Please consult with your healthcare provider about appropriate testing for your individual situation.
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